HMRC investigation? Let us help protect your interests
Tax Investigation Management
Tax investigations by HMRC often come as an unpleasant shock for many and can be very stressful.
From the outset communication from HMRC can be quite intimidating as they tend to take an aggressive position and “throw the book”. The enquiry will often embrace many aspects of the business and will typically take the form of a standard template letter padded out in parts by reference to the particular client.
In other cases HMRC will issue a letter which on the face of it looks benign but has far reaching implications if not handled correctly.
At Shipleys we are non-judgmental, vigorous in defending our clients and aim to resolve the investigation in the most efficient manner possible without compromising the quality of our work.
We have the experience and know-how to handle local district cases to large tax fraud cases both in direct and indirect tax (VAT).
And with Shipleys Tax Fee Protection Partner our clients have peace of mind that in the event of an enquiry all professional fees up to the First Tier Tribunal are covered.
Sections
- Areas
- First steps
- How we can help
- How do HMRC investigate a business?
- What are the trigger points to look out for?
Areas
Some of the areas in which we regularly assist clients are:
- Code of Practice 9
- Code of Practice 8
- Voluntary Disclosures to HMRC (Onshore)
- Compliance Checks
- Negotiated Settlements with HMRC
First steps
- You need to know what your rights are under enquiry
- Identify and prioritise of areas of primary concern
- Assemble and analyse relevant information and evidence in order to quantify the correct tax liability
- You need advice on what HMRC can ask you to produce – whether you have to provide copies of documents and soft copies of electronic files for example
- You need an assessment of your accounting systems to know if it is robust enough to withstand scrutiny
- You want to reduce the risk of an investigation going forward and improve compliance procedures.
How we can help
- Our team consists of highly experienced ex-HMRC Inspectors
- We can influence and control the pace of investigation
- Our specialist knowledge will be utilised to challenge any incorrect assumptions made by HMRC
- Comprehensive Fee Protection insurance for clients
Remember early intervention by a tax investigation specialist could resolve the dispute relatively quickly; what not do to is to attempt to correspond with the tax man yourself as you could unknowingly put the proverbial “foot in it”.
Are under enquiry? Do you think you are at risk of an investigation? Contact us now for independent advice on your options.
HOW DO HMRC INVESTIGATE A BUSINESS?
Some tax investigations are random but increasingly the majority are as a result of HMRC’s risk analyses/assessments.
This “risk assessment” process typically compares the results of the business to other similar businesses; it statistically analyse areas such as gross profit margin, mark-up rate and comparisons to earlier years. Where a case is “risk assessed” HMRC cannot decline the invitation to investigate.
Even where HMRC know that there was “nothing in it for them”, officers have openly admitted that they have no choice but to open an enquiry because the risk assessment process had identified the case as warranting an enquiry.
What are the trigger points to look out for?
The short answer is patterns and, to a certain extent, timing.
Timing
Most accountants are unaware that whilst HMRC can launch an investigation into a business at any time within the statutory timeframe, enquiry notices are usually timedto be issued at specific times of the year in order to control work flow. Favoured times for issuing enquiry notice are the end of January (accountants busy with heavy workloads) and Fridays (clients receive a shock when opening post on a weekend!).
Nowadays, HMRC typically impose a non-statutory time limit on the taxpayer for producing information requested in the opening letter. Often it will not be possible to provide this within the time frame specified, and it is advisable to make contact very quickly with HMRC if this is the case. This is important in both establishing a relationship with the officer dealing with the enquiry and also gaining maximum penalty mitigation for cooperation in the event there is culpability.
Patterns
HMRC expect to see consistency across a business, both within the business itself and also across similar sectors. It will expect turnover to be fairly level whilst accepting modest fluctuations in either direction. If turnover goes down it will expect expenses to decrease. If profit decreases HMRC will query if proprietors’ drawings/directors remuneration increases. This crude analysis tool is often misleading and belies the actual reasons for fluctuations leading to businesses that have nothing to hide being flagged up for enquiry.
For example, if turnover increases substantially HMRC may conclude that maybe not all of the turnover in the previous year was declared. Or if it drops significantly then maybe some has been taken by the owner and not declared? The reality maybe that turnover has increased due to having a exceptionally good year and decreased because of a loss of a large customer or order.
Suspicion is also aroused if the claim in respect of administration expenses increases well beyond what would be expected comparing it with the previous year. HMRC will wonder whether hours have increased (hence the increase in admin expenses) and therefore the officer will wonder why turnover has gone down.
Proprietors’ drawings – a substantial increase could mean that drawings may have been understated in the past, leading HMRC to query whether any cash takings have not been declared. Similarly, if the drawings are less than the salary paid to the highest paid employee HMRC will be very uneasy – business owners are expected to be the highest earners in the business even though the reality is most proprietors in business start ups do not take any drawings in the formative years.
Gross profit margins (GPR) – typically the GPR of the business will be examined over a period of up to 6 years to see whether or not it is consistent. It will also be compared to similar businesses and fluctuations of more than a few percent will arouse suspicion. HMRC has access to a vast database of information indicating what the GPR of a particular type of business should be.
Invoices – An officer will scrutinise invoices carefully to check whether part of the invoices are being paid in cash to disguise the true GPR.
Sectors – HMRC will often target a particular sector because it has become aware of consistent malpractice across the sector. For example, Medical practices, dentists and vets are targeted because they engage locums as self- employed workers whereas in reality it is difficult to show that a locum is self- employed in many typical practices.
Professional footballers and their clubs have been under scrutiny for a few years now mainly because in some cases a player will receive a payment for the exploitation of his “image rights” and HMRC does not approve of this because it reduces or in some cases completely avoids liability to UK tax by devising a structure which holds the image rights offshore.
Umbrella companies and IT agencies using “one-man band” IT companies have been under the microscope for a long time (see IR35), mainly because it is considered that many of them are purportedly engaged as self- employed workers but the reality is that they can be deemed to be employees.
Standard of living – does an individual have the means to finance his/her standard of living? Information will be gained in this regard from a variety of sources, giving HMRC details of property owned, cars, boats, bank accounts, horses etc. Although there will often be perfectly reasonable explanations as to how such assets may have been acquired it may not stop HMRC delving further.
People often think they can outwit HMRC and stay one step ahead. However, they should be well aware of that most of the tricks which the unscrupulous businessman may try has been seen and dealt with by HMRC many times over and they underestimate HMRC at their peril.
If you require help with tax or VAT investigations then speak to our experts on 0114 272 4984 or email info@shipleystax.com.
Latest news & blogs…
Tax on Cryptoassets – HMRC’s new disclosure service
HMRC’s new Cryptoasset disclosure service – what it means for you
IN THE FAST-moving landscape of digital finance, HMRC has taken a significant step by issuing new guidance for individual to voluntarily disclose unpaid taxes on income or gains derived from cryptoassets. This development is crucial for taxpayers in the UK as it has significant implications for those not self-declaring any potential tax due on cryptoassets.
In today’s Shipleys Tax brief we look at HMRC’s new voluntary disclosure service for cryptoassets and why it’s important for taxpayers to consider their crypto tax affairs as timely disclosure can mitigate penalties and interest.
What is the new HMRC voluntary disclosure service?
Much like other voluntary disclosure campaigns (such as the Liechtenstein Disclosure Facility (LDF) and the Buy-to-Let campaign) HMRC’s new voluntary disclosure service for cryptoassets is designed to encourage taxpayers to come forward and disclose any unpaid tax on cryptoassets, providing an opportunity to settle their affairs while potentially facing lower penalties than if the underpayment were discovered by HMRC. It underlines the importance of being proactive in “fessing up” and looks to offer taxpayers more favourable terms compared to regular HMRC investigations.
Key Aspects of the Disclosure Service
- What cryptoassets are covered? The voluntary disclosure service covers a range of cryptoassets for tax purposes, which typically includes exchange tokens like Bitcoin, utility tokens, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This encompasses assets used as a means of exchange, for investment, to access particular goods or services, or those representing ownership of a unique asset or content.
- Reasons for Underpayment: HMRC categorises underpayment reasons into three distinct sections:
- Innocent Error: This implies that reasonable care was taken, but an error still occurred. In such cases, the look-back period for underpayment is limited to four years.
- Carelessness: If underpayment is due to carelessness, the look-back period extends to six years.
- Deliberate Behaviour: This is the most serious category, involving intentional underpayment, and can lead to a maximum look-back period of 20 years.
Much like other voluntary disclosure campaigns… HMRC’s new voluntary disclosure service is designed to encourage taxpayers to come forward and disclose any unpaid tax on cryptoassets
- Penalties and Reductions: In HMRC’s framework, penalties for inaccuracies in tax returns and failure to notify can be reduced depending on the quality of disclosure. If taxpayers proactively disclose with a high level of transparency and detail, they may be eligible for reduced penalties. The reduction is based on the principle of how much assistance the taxpayer provides to HMRC: telling them about the error, helping HMRC understand the disclosure, and giving access to additional information if required. The more forthcoming and cooperative the taxpayer is, the greater the potential reduction in penalties.
- White Space Notes: A crucial recommendation by HMRC is the inclusion of “white space notes” in disclosures (i.e. in their personal tax returns pages). These notes should detail the taxpayer’s reasoning and calculations, providing transparency in their self-assessment process.
- Payment Procedures: Lastly, HMRC has introduced comprehensive information on how and when to pay the owed taxes, simplifying the payment process for taxpayers.
Why This Matters for Taxpayers
Understanding HMRC’s new guidance is critical for individuals dealing in cryptoassets to ensure compliance before errors are discovered by the authorities. The advantages include potentially reduced penalties for disclosure, and the opportunity to rectify one’s tax affairs voluntarily.
However, it also implies increased scrutiny and a possible signal of stricter enforcement moving forward. Taxpayers must weigh the immediate costs of disclosure against the risk of higher penalties and interest if discrepancies are found later by HMRC. The service highlights the increasing focus on cryptoassets by HMRC and the importance for taxpayers to stay abreast of their obligations and take professional advice.
How Can We Help?
As a premier UK tax advisory firm, we specialize in guiding clients through the intricacies of tax laws, especially in emerging areas like cryptoassets. Our expertise lies in:
- Assisting in accurate self-declaration based on HMRC’s categories.
- Advising on potential penalties and how to minimize them.
- Helping clients understand the implications of their crypto transactions on their tax liabilities.
Understanding HMRC’s new guidance is critical for individuals dealing in cryptoassets to ensure compliance before errors are discovered by the authorities
Conclusion
HMRC’s new guidance on voluntarily disclosing unpaid tax on cryptoassets marks a significant step towards clearer tax compliance in the digital age. For individuals engaged in crypto transactions, it is essential to understand these guidelines and consider seeking professional advice to navigate this complex area.
Although the process offers an opportunity to correct past oversights with potentially reduced penalties, the complexity of disclosure and the evolving tax landscape for cryptoassets demand professional guidance to navigate effectively. Individuals are encouraged to assess their circumstances, utilise the service if necessary, and seek expert advice to optimise their tax position.
For further assistance or queries, please call 0114 272 4984 or email info@shipleystax.com.
Please note that Shipleys Tax do not give free advice by email or telephone. The content of this article is for general guidance only and should not be considered as tax or professional advice. Always consult with a qualified professional before taking action.
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Autumn Budget Statement 2023
IN A LARGELY uninspiring speech and, amidst declining inflation rates, the Chancellor’s Autumn Statement delivered some fairly unspectacular tax cuts.
In today’s Shipleys Tax note we give you a snapshot of what you need to know as an employer, self-employed or business.
National Insurance Takes Centre Stage
Following much vaunted speculation post-October’s inflation report, expectations were high for potential reductions in corporation tax, inheritance tax, and National Insurance (NI). The final decision primarily impacted NI, affecting both employees and self-employed individuals. However, the effective dates for these changes vary.
Employee NI Rate Cut from January 2024
Effective from 6 January 2024, the Primary Class 1 main NI rate will decrease from 12% to 10%. This alteration, reminiscent of the mid-year modifications in 2022/23, necessitates payroll software updates. It’s crucial for businesses to ensure these updates are implemented before processing January’s payroll. Note: The rate for earnings above the Upper Threshold remains at 2%.
Significant Changes for Self-Employed NI Contributions from April 2024
Starting 6 April 2024, Class 2 NI contributions, mandatory for the self-employed, will be abolished. Self-employed individuals with profits between £6,725 and £12,570 will maintain access to contributory benefits like the state pension through NI credits without paying contributions. Voluntary Class 2 payments remain an option.
Additionally, the main Class 4 NI rate will be reduced from 9% to 8%.
Extended NI Incentive for Hiring Veterans
The beneficial NI incentive for recruiting veterans is now extended until 2025.
Expansion of Cash Basis Accounting for Self-Employed Businesses
The Autumn Statement also brought some good news for self-employed businesses using cash basis accounting. The turnover limit for this accounting method has been removed. Previously, businesses had to switch to the accruals basis after exceeding £300,000 turnover
Business tax
- Capital allowances – permanent full expensing – Full expensing is now a permanent tax break for companies. The Spring Budget 2023 introduced two new temporary first-year allowances. For expenditure on plant or machinery incurred on or after 1 April 2023 but before 1 April 2026, companies can claim a 100% first-year allowance for main rate expenditure – known as “full expensing” – and a 50% first-year allowance for special rate expenditure. Today’s announcement makes full expensing and the 50% first-year allowance permanent by removing the expiry date of March 2026.
- The two R&D reliefs (RDEC and the SME scheme) to merge from 1 April 2024 – A range of measures on tax reliefs have been announced including enhanced support for Research and Development (R&D) intensive small and medium-sized enterprises, an extension to the ‘sunset date’ for freeport tax reliefs and administrative changes to the creative industry tax reliefs.
- The EIS and VCT schemes are extended for another decade.
- The tax reliefs for Investment Zones and Freeports are extended to ten years.
More to follow.
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When are Directors liable for unpaid company taxes?
IN THE UK’s corporate realm, the concept of limited liability shields directors from personal accountability for company debts, including tax obligations. However, there are specific instances where HMRC can pierce this corporate veil, seeking recompense directly from directors.
In today’s Shipleys Tax note we outline these rare yet significant circumstances and the potential legislative defences that may be available to company directors.
The Principle of Limited Liability Status
Limited liability maintains a distinct legal separation between the company and its directors. Nevertheless, this shield is not impervious. There are certain situations, often involving serious misconduct or negligence, where directors can find themselves personally liable for the company’s unpaid taxes.
Where Might Directors Face Personal Liability?
Director’s Personal Guarantees
When a director provides a personal guarantee for a company’s debt, they pledge their own assets as security for the loan. This guarantee means that if the company cannot repay its debts, the director’s personal assets can be targeted to recover the amount owed. Similarly, if a director has an outstanding balance in their director’s loan account, which is not settled before the company enters insolvency, they may become personally liable to repay this debt.
There are certain conditions, often involving serious misconduct or negligence, where directors can find themselves personally liable for the company’s unpaid taxes.
Wrongful or Fraudulent Trading
Directors must act responsibly with regard to the company’s financial status. Under insolvency rules, if directors continue to trade when they know the company is insolvent, or if they incur debts without a reasonable prospect of the company being able to repay them, they can be held personally liable for wrongful trading.
Fraudulent trading goes a step further, where directors deliberately set out to defraud creditors. In such cases, the courts can hold directors personally responsible for the company’s debts, resulting in serious legal and financial repercussions.
Tax Evasion or Avoidance
Tax legislation gives HMRC additional powers to hold directors accountable for tax evasion or avoidance. If a director is found to have a history of corporate insolvency, particularly if insolvency has been used as a means to evade or avoid tax liabilities, HMRC can pursue them personally. This legislation aims to deter directors from using insolvency as a tax evasion strategy, ensuring that corporate tax liabilities are met.
Personal Liability Notices (PLNs)
HMRC uses Personal Liability Notices to hold directors personally liable for the non-payment of PAYE or National Insurance Contributions (NIC). These notices are issued when HMRC believes that the non-payment was a result of the director’s neglect or fraudulent behaviour. Once a PLN is issued, directors can face significant personal financial liabilities, which HMRC will actively seek to recover.
…where directors deliberately set out to defraud creditors… the courts can hold directors personally responsible for the company’s debts, resulting in serious legal and financial repercussions.
Possible Mitigating Factors
When facing action from HMRC for liabilities such as PAYE, NIC, VAT, or Corporation Tax (CT), directors can employ several defences to potentially mitigate or challenge personal liability:
- Lack of Intent: Demonstrating that there was no intention to evade tax payments, that any underpayment was a result of genuine error or misinterpretation of complex tax laws, can be a defence. Evidence seeking clarification or rectifying mistakes as soon as they were discovered needs to be maintained.
- Reliance on Professional Advice: reliance on the advice of competent tax advisors or accountants might provide a shield against liability. However, reliance on professional advice is not absolute and usually requires proof that the advice was professional, based on correct accurate information, and reasonable.
- No Direct Involvement: A director may argue they were not involved in the day-to-day management of the company or in the financial decisions that led to the unpaid taxes. This could apply in situations where there is a clear division of responsibilities among multiple directors.
- Procedural Errors by HMRC: If HMRC fail to follow proper procedures or meet certain legal requirements when issuing a Personal Liability Notice (PLN) or taking other actions, this may invalidate their claim.
- Unforeseeable Circumstances: Events beyond the director’s control, such as sudden market changes, natural disasters, or other external shocks that impact the company’s ability to pay, might be used as a defence, especially if these events can be clearly shown to correlate with the period of non-payment.
- Active Engagement with HMRC: Demonstrating that there was active engagement with HMRC regarding any payment issues, attempts to negotiate payment plans, or voluntary disclosures of potential underpayments can act in the director’s favour.
- Economic Reality: In some cases, directors can argue that, despite their best efforts, the company was unable to meet its tax obligations due to economic conditions affecting the company’s liquidity.
It is crucial for directors to maintain accurate records and documentation to support these defences. They should engage with legal and tax professionals as soon as they are aware of potential tax liabilities or HMRC actions, to ensure their case is as strong as possible.
In conclusion, while the UK legislation primarily places the burden of unpaid taxes on the company, directors can be made personally liable in certain circumstances. If a director finds themselves facing a PLN or potential liabilities for unpaid taxes, it’s essential to seek advice from an tax expert or professional adviser.
For further assistance or queries, please call 0114 272 4984 or email info@shipleystax.com.
Please note that Shipleys Tax do not give free advice by email or telephone. The content of this article is for general guidance only and should not be considered as tax or professional advice. For advice on tax matters, always consult with a qualified professional.
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